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You are here: Home / History / National Movement – 1919 – 1939 – Era of Mass Nationalism

National Movement – 1919 – 1939 – Era of Mass Nationalism

February 26, 2020 by BureaucratONE Leave a Comment Last Updated February 26, 2020

  • Why nationalist resurgence now
    • Post war Economic hardship
      • Industry
        • Recession coupled with increased foreign investment
      • Workers and Artisans
        • Unemployment
      • Peasantry
        • High taxation and poverty
      • Soldier
        • Battlefields abroad
      • Educated urban classes
        • Unemployment  and high expectation from political gains
    • Nationalist Disillusionment with Imperialism Worldwide
      • Paris peace conference - imperialist had no intention to leave colonies and divided colonies of defeated power among themselves
    • Impact of Russian revolution nov7,1917
      • Bolshevik part overthrew czar and founded socialist state soviet union under V.I.Lenin
      • Unilaterally renounced imperialist rights in china
      • Equal status to asian nationalist
      • October revolution - faith on masses got stronger
      • Carrot and stick - Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Rowlatt Act
  • MONTAGU-CHELMSFORD REFORMS AND GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT,1919
    • Montagu's statement 1917 contained policies for reforms
    • Based on Montfort reforms 1918 GOI Act 1919 enacted
    • Provincial Govt - Intro of Dyarchy
      • Exe - Rule of 2exe councillors and popular ministers introduced - govr is exe head
      • Subjects
        • Reserved - L&O, finance, Land Revenue, irrigation - govr through exe council
        • Transferred - education, health, local govt, industry, agri, excise - min nominated by members of leg council
      • Min responsible to leg - resign in case of NCM
      • In case of failure of constitutional machinery govr take over transferred subjects
      • Secy of state and GG can interfere in reserved subjects but their scope limited in case of transferred subjects
      • Leg - provincial leg council expanded further - 70% elected
      • Communal and class electorate system consolidated
      • Women give rt to vote
      • Leg council initiate leg with govr's assent but can also veto
      • Leg council could reject bill but govr can restore
      • Leg enjoyed freedom of speech
    • Central govt - still without responsible govt

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