- Why nationalist resurgence
now
- Post war Economic hardship
- Industry
- Recession coupled with increased foreign investment
- Workers and Artisans
- Unemployment
- Peasantry
- High taxation and poverty
- Soldier
- Battlefields abroad
- Educated urban classes
- Unemployment and high expectation from political gains
- Industry
- Nationalist Disillusionment
with Imperialism Worldwide
- Paris peace conference - imperialist had no intention to leave colonies and divided colonies of defeated power among themselves
- Impact of Russian revolution
nov7,1917
- Bolshevik part overthrew czar and founded socialist state soviet union under V.I.Lenin
- Unilaterally renounced imperialist rights in china
- Equal status to asian nationalist
- October revolution - faith on masses got stronger
- Carrot and stick - Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Rowlatt Act
- Post war Economic hardship
- MONTAGU-CHELMSFORD REFORMS
AND GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT,1919
- Montagu's statement 1917 contained policies for reforms
- Based on Montfort reforms 1918 GOI Act 1919 enacted
- Provincial Govt - Intro of
Dyarchy
- Exe - Rule of 2exe councillors and popular ministers introduced - govr is exe head
- Subjects
- Reserved - L&O, finance, Land Revenue, irrigation - govr through exe council
- Transferred - education, health, local govt, industry, agri, excise - min nominated by members of leg council
- Min responsible to leg - resign in case of NCM
- In case of failure of constitutional machinery govr take over transferred subjects
- Secy of state and GG can interfere in reserved subjects but their scope limited in case of transferred subjects
- Leg - provincial leg council expanded further - 70% elected
- Communal and class electorate system consolidated
- Women give rt to vote
- Leg council initiate leg with govr's assent but can also veto
- Leg council could reject bill but govr can restore
- Leg enjoyed freedom of speech
- Central govt - still without responsible govt