Social and Cultural Awakening in the first Half of the Nineteenth Century

Intellectual & Cultural stirrings in 19th cent coz
1. Modern western culture
2. Consciousness of defeat by foreign power
3. Handful Foreigners colonized India coz of internal weakness & ways to overcome it
4. Some - Had faith in traditional Indian ideas
5. Others - western thought needed for regeneration of the society
  1. Reason & Humanism
RRR
1. 1st great leader of modern India
2. Pioneer of Indian Journalism
3. Internationalism
4. For
  1. Monotheism
  2. Rational & Scientific approach
  3. Human dignity
  4. Social equality
  5. Modern capitalism & Industries
  6. Philosophy of Vedanta is based on reason
  7. Synthesis of thought from East & West
  8. Indianization for superior civil service
  9. Separation of Exec and Judiciary
  10. Trial by Jury
  11. Parity between European and Indian judges
5. Against
  1. Sati - supported Bentick
  2. Rational critique of Hinduism & Christianity
  3. Blind reliance on India's own past & Blind aping of the west
6. Books
  1. Critical Book Percepts of Jesus -1820
  2. Gift of Monothesists - 1809
  3. Compiled Bengali Grammar
7. Organisation
  1. Atmiya sabha - 1814
  2. Vedanta college - Indian and Western learnings - 1825
  3. Brahmo samaj - 1828
  4. Hindu College with David hare( watch maker) - 1817
  5. English School in Calcutta - 1817
Derozio & Young Bengal mvmt
1. Anglo Indian
2. Taught in Hindu College - later dismissed bcos of radicalism
3. Fr Rev
4. Radical trend
5. Modern than RRR
6. Surendranath Bannerjea called them "Pioneers of modern civilisation of Bengal, the conscript fathers of our race whose virtues will excite veneration and whose failings will be treated with gentlest consideration "
7. Carried forward Rammohun Roy's tradition
8. Criticism
  1. Bookish radicalism
  2. Did not take up peasants cause
  3. Didn't understand Indian reality
Debendranath Tagore
1. 1839 - Tatvabodhini sabha
  1. To propagate RRRs idea
2. and its organ Tatvabodhini patrika
  1. To study Indias past in bengali language
3. Revitalised Brahmo Samaj in1843
4. Rabindranath Tagore's father
5. Women
  1. Polygamy
  2. Widow Remarriage
  3. Edu
6. Ryots Condn
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1. Sanskrit college principal - Sanskrit scholar
2. Blend = Ind + West culture
3. His views
  1. Window remarriage
  2. Against child marriage
  3. Opened Sanskrit schools for non-brahmins
  4. Women education - started 35 schools - Govt inspector of Schools/
  5. Women higher education Secretary to the Bethune School
Pioneers of reformers in W India
1. Bal Shashtri Jambedkar
  1. Bombay
  2. Brahmanical orthodoxy
  3. Darpan 1832
2. Paramahamsa Mandali
  1. One god
  2. Maharashtra in 1849
3. Students literary & Scientific society
4. Vishnu shashtri pundit
  1. Widow remarriage association 1850s
5. Karsondas Mulji
  1. Satya Prakash (Gujrati) - Widow remarriage
6. Gopal Hari deshmukh
  1. Lokahitawadi
  2. Indian society on Rational, Humanistic & Secular values
7. Jyotiba Phule
  1. MH
  2. Against upper caste domination & Brahmanical supremacy
  3. + Wife - Girls school
  4. Widow remarriage movement
8. Dadabhai Naoroji
  1. Bombay
  2. Reform Zoroastrian religion
  3. Parsi law association
  4. Women
    1. Legal status
    2. Uniform laws inheritance & Marriage
In general
1. Through Indian language press & Literature
2. Prepared language primers
  1. Eg - Bengali primer
    1. ICV
    2. RT
3. Primarily through Indian Language
4. Trend setters