Union of State

• A1 to 4 – Part I
• 1st Schedule - Names of states and UTs - 29+7
• Provisions applicable to all except
  • J&K,
  • Special provision(Part XXI) - MH, GJ, NG, Assam, Manipur, Andhra, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, AP, Goa
  • 5th and 6th schedule areas
• A1
  • India that is Bharat as a "Union of states" rather than a 'Federation of states'
  • 3 territories
    • State
    • UT
    • Territories that may be acquired
  • Internationally recognised method to acquiring territory
    • cession (treaty, purchase, gift, lease or plebiscite)
    • occupation (hitherto unoccupied by recognised ruler)
    • conquest or subjugation
    • e.g
      • Dadra & Nagar haveli
      • goa
      • Daman & Diu
      • Puducherry
      • Sikkim
• A2
  • To admit new states which already exists - Pakistan
  • Establish new state which doesn't exist - Island
• A3 - Parliaments power to reorganise the states
  • alter area of state
  • alter boundaries of state
  • alter name of state
  • create new state - Telangana
    • parliament only with prez permission
    • prez after referring to state legislature
    • prez not bound by state recommendation
    • In case of UT no referral
    • So indestructible union of destructible states
    • USA - indestructible union of indestructible state
  • But A3 ceding Berubari Union (WB) to Pakistan – cede to foreign country needs u/A368 – 9^th CAA
  • But A3 Settlement of disputed boundary – executive action - recent conclaves India Bangladesh
• A4
  • says A1,2,3 is not CAA under A368 – so simple majority

Evolution of states & UTs

Integration of princely states

• Indian independence act 1947
  • Two independent and separate dominions of India and Pakistan
  • Princely states can join either or remain independent
• 549/552 within Indian territory joined India except 3
  • Hyderabad – police action
  • Junagarh – referendum
  • Kashmir – Instrument of accession
• Part - A, B, C and D (only A&N) states

Dhar commission and JVP committee

• Linguistic provinces commission 1948 - C'man S K Dhar
  • said administrative convenience rather than language
• Another Linguistic provinces committee 1948 – JVP(Nehru, patel and pattabhi sitaramayya)
  • report 1949 rejected language as the basis
• 1953 – Potti Sriramulu died so Andhra was created

Fazl Ali Commision 1953

• Fazl Ali, K M Panikkar and H N kunzru
• Accepted language but rejected 'one language one state'
• 4 factor for reorganisation
  • Preservation and strengthening of unity and security of the country
  • Linguistic and cultural homogeneity
  • Financial, economic and administrative consideration
  • Planning and promotion of the welfare of the people
• Recommended
  • Abolish PartABCD
  • Create 16 states & 6 UTs
• State reorganisation Act and 7th CAA 1956
  • Part ABCD states abolished
  • 14 states & UTs created

New states and UT's created after 1956

• 1953
  • Andhra Pradesh from Madras
• 1960
  • Maharashtra & Gujarat from Bombay
• 1961
  • Dadra and Nagar haveli
  • Portuguese ruled till 1954
  • self rule till 1961
• 1961
  • Goa, Daman and Diu
  • Police action from Portuguese
  • 1987 goa became state
• 1954
  • Pondicherry, karaikal, Mahe, Yanam
  • French handed over
  • acquired territory till 1962
  • UT after 14^th CAA
• 1963
  • Nagaland
  • naga hills and tuensang area out of Assam
• 1966
  • Haryana, Chandigarh and HP from Punjab
  • bcos Akali Dal under Master Tara Singh demanded
  • and Shah Commission 1966 recommended
  • Punjab for Punjabis
  • Haryana for Hindi speakers
  • Hill areas added to UT of HP
• 1971
  • UT of HP became state
• 1972
  • Manipur, Tripura & Meghalaya(1969 - sub state of assam) became state
  • Mizoram and AP(NEFA) became UT from Assam
• 1974
  • from 1947 protectorate of India(ruled by Chogyal)
  • Sikkim became associate state( ) - 35^th CAA
  • 1975 after referendum = state(36^th CAA)
• 1987
  • Mizoram (after Mizo peace accord with Mizo national front)
  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Goa from UT of Goa, Daman and Diu
• 2000
  • Chattisgarh(MP)
  • Uttarakkhand(UP)
  • Jharkhand(Bihar)
• 2014 - Telangana

Name changes

• 1950
  • United province as UP
• 1969
  • Madras as TN
• 1973
  • Mysore as Karnataka
  • Laccadive, Minicoy, Amindivi Island as Lakshadweep
• 2993
  • UT of Delhi as National capital territory of Delhi 69^th CAA
• 2006
  • Uttaranchal as Uttarakhand
• 2011
  • Pondicherry as Puducherry
  • Orissa as Odisha