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You are here: Home / Polity / Union and its Territory

Union and its Territory

April 3, 2020 by BureaucratONE Leave a Comment Last Updated April 3, 2020

Table of Contents hide
1 Union of State
2 Evolution of states & UTs
2.1 Integration of princely states
2.2 Dhar commission and JVP committee
2.3 Fazl Ali Commision 1953
2.4 New states and UT's created after 1956
2.4.1 Name changes

Union of State

  • A1 to 4 – Part I
  • 1st Schedule - Names of states and UTs - 29+7
  • Provisions applicable to all except
    • J&K,
    • Special provision(Part XXI) - MH, GJ, NG, Assam, Manipur, Andhra, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, AP, Goa
    • 5th and 6th schedule areas
  • A1
    • India that is Bharat as a "Union of states" rather than a 'Federation of states'
    • 3 territories
      • State
      • UT
      • Territories that may be acquired
    • Internationally recognised method to acquiring territory
      • cession (treaty, purchase, gift, lease or plebiscite)
      • occupation (hitherto unoccupied by recognised ruler)
      • conquest or subjugation
      • e.g
        • Dadra & Nagar haveli
        • goa
        • Daman & Diu
        • Puducherry
        • Sikkim
  • A2
    • To admit new states which already exists - Pakistan
    • Establish new state which doesn't exist - Island
  • A3 - Parliaments power to reorganise the states
    • alter area of state
    • alter boundaries of state
    • alter name of state
    • create new state - Telangana
      • parliament only with prez permission
      • prez after referring to state legislature
      • prez not bound by state recommendation
      • In case of UT no referral
      • So indestructible union of destructible states
      • USA - indestructible union of indestructible state
    • But A3 ceding Berubari Union (WB) to Pakistan – cede to foreign country needs u/A368 – 9th CAA
    • But A3 Settlement of disputed boundary – executive action - recent conclaves India Bangladesh
  • A4
    • says A1,2,3 is not CAA under A368 – so simple majority

Evolution of states & UTs

Integration of princely states

  • Indian independence act 1947
    • Two independent and separate dominions of India and Pakistan
    • Princely states can join either or remain independent
  • 549/552 within Indian territory joined India except 3
    • Hyderabad – police action
    • Junagarh – referendum
    • Kashmir – Instrument of accession
  • Part - A, B, C and D (only A&N) states

Dhar commission and JVP committee

  • Linguistic provinces commission 1948 - C'man S K Dhar
    • said administrative convenience rather than language
  • Another Linguistic provinces committee 1948 – JVP(Nehru, patel and pattabhi sitaramayya)
    • report 1949 rejected language as the basis
  • 1953 – Potti Sriramulu died so Andhra was created

Fazl Ali Commision 1953

  • Fazl Ali, K M Panikkar and H N kunzru
  • Accepted language but rejected 'one language one state'
  • 4 factor for reorganisation
    • Preservation and strengthening of unity and security of the country
    • Linguistic and cultural homogeneity
    • Financial, economic and administrative consideration
    • Planning and promotion of the welfare of the people
  • Recommended
    • Abolish PartABCD
    • Create 16 states & 6 UTs
  • State reorganisation Act and 7th CAA 1956
    • Part ABCD states abolished
    • 14 states & UTs created

New states and UT's created after 1956

  • 1953
    • Andhra Pradesh from Madras
  • 1960
    • Maharashtra & Gujarat from Bombay
  • 1961
    • Dadra and Nagar haveli
    • Portuguese ruled till 1954
    • self rule till 1961
  • 1961
    • Goa, Daman and Diu
    • Police action from Portuguese
    • 1987 goa became state
  • 1954
    • Pondicherry, karaikal, Mahe, Yanam
    • French handed over
    • acquired territory till 1962
    • UT after 14th CAA
  • 1963
    • Nagaland
    • naga hills and tuensang area out of Assam
  • 1966
    • Haryana, Chandigarh and HP from Punjab
    • bcos Akali Dal under Master Tara Singh demanded
    • and Shah Commission 1966 recommended
    • Punjab for Punjabis
    • Haryana for Hindi speakers
    • Hill areas added to UT of HP
  • 1971
    • UT of HP became state
  • 1972
    • Manipur, Tripura & Meghalaya(1969 - sub state of assam) became state
    • Mizoram and AP(NEFA) became UT from Assam
  • 1974
    • from 1947 protectorate of India(ruled by Chogyal)
    • Sikkim became associate state( ) - 35th CAA
    • 1975 after referendum = state(36th CAA)
  • 1987
    • Mizoram (after Mizo peace accord with Mizo national front)
    • Arunachal Pradesh
    • Goa from UT of Goa, Daman and Diu
  • 2000
    • Chattisgarh(MP)
    • Uttarakkhand(UP)
    • Jharkhand(Bihar)
  • 2014 - Telangana

Name changes

  • 1950
    • United province as UP
  • 1969
    • Madras as TN
  • 1973
    • Mysore as Karnataka
    • Laccadive, Minicoy, Amindivi Island as Lakshadweep
  • 2993
    • UT of Delhi as National capital territory of Delhi 69th CAA
  • 2006
    • Uttaranchal as Uttarakhand
  • 2011
    • Pondicherry as Puducherry
    • Orissa as Odisha

Filed Under: Polity

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