Union of State
- A1 to 4 – Part I
- 1st Schedule - Names of states and UTs - 29+7
- Provisions applicable to all except
- J&K,
- Special provision(Part XXI) - MH, GJ, NG, Assam, Manipur, Andhra, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, AP, Goa
- 5th and 6th schedule areas
- A1
- India that is Bharat as a "Union of states" rather than a 'Federation of states'
- 3 territories
- State
- UT
- Territories that may be acquired
- Internationally recognised method to acquiring territory
- cession (treaty, purchase, gift, lease or plebiscite)
- occupation (hitherto unoccupied by recognised ruler)
- conquest or subjugation
- e.g
- Dadra & Nagar haveli
- goa
- Daman & Diu
- Puducherry
- Sikkim
- A2
- To admit new states which already exists - Pakistan
- Establish new state which doesn't exist - Island
- A3 - Parliaments power to reorganise the states
- alter area of state
- alter boundaries of state
- alter name of state
- create new state - Telangana
- parliament only with prez permission
- prez after referring to state legislature
- prez not bound by state recommendation
- In case of UT no referral
- So indestructible union of destructible states
- USA - indestructible union of indestructible state
- But A3 ceding Berubari Union (WB) to Pakistan – cede to foreign country needs u/A368 – 9th CAA
- But A3 Settlement of disputed boundary – executive action - recent conclaves India Bangladesh
- A4
- says A1,2,3 is not CAA under A368 – so simple majority
Evolution of states & UTs
Integration of princely states
- Indian independence act 1947
- Two independent and separate dominions of India and Pakistan
- Princely states can join either or remain independent
- 549/552 within Indian territory joined India except 3
- Hyderabad – police action
- Junagarh – referendum
- Kashmir – Instrument of accession
- Part - A, B, C and D (only A&N) states
Dhar commission and JVP committee
- Linguistic provinces commission 1948 - C'man S K Dhar
- said administrative convenience rather than language
- Another Linguistic provinces committee 1948 – JVP(Nehru, patel and pattabhi sitaramayya)
- report 1949 rejected language as the basis
- 1953 – Potti Sriramulu died so Andhra was created
Fazl Ali Commision 1953
- Fazl Ali, K M Panikkar and H N kunzru
- Accepted language but rejected 'one language one state'
- 4 factor for reorganisation
- Preservation and strengthening of unity and security of the country
- Linguistic and cultural homogeneity
- Financial, economic and administrative consideration
- Planning and promotion of the welfare of the people
- Recommended
- Abolish PartABCD
- Create 16 states & 6 UTs
- State reorganisation Act and 7th CAA 1956
- Part ABCD states abolished
- 14 states & UTs created
New states and UT's created after 1956
- 1953
- Andhra Pradesh from Madras
- 1960
- Maharashtra & Gujarat from Bombay
- 1961
- Dadra and Nagar haveli
- Portuguese ruled till 1954
- self rule till 1961
- 1961
- Goa, Daman and Diu
- Police action from Portuguese
- 1987 goa became state
- 1954
- Pondicherry, karaikal, Mahe, Yanam
- French handed over
- acquired territory till 1962
- UT after 14th CAA
- 1963
- Nagaland
- naga hills and tuensang area out of Assam
- 1966
- Haryana, Chandigarh and HP from Punjab
- bcos Akali Dal under Master Tara Singh demanded
- and Shah Commission 1966 recommended
- Punjab for Punjabis
- Haryana for Hindi speakers
- Hill areas added to UT of HP
- 1971
- UT of HP became state
- 1972
- Manipur, Tripura & Meghalaya(1969 - sub state of assam) became state
- Mizoram and AP(NEFA) became UT from Assam
- 1974
- from 1947 protectorate of India(ruled by Chogyal)
- Sikkim became associate state( ) - 35th CAA
- 1975 after referendum = state(36th CAA)
- 1987
- Mizoram (after Mizo peace accord with Mizo national front)
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Goa from UT of Goa, Daman and Diu
- 2000
- Chattisgarh(MP)
- Uttarakkhand(UP)
- Jharkhand(Bihar)
- 2014 - Telangana
Name changes
- 1950
- United province as UP
- 1969
- Madras as TN
- 1973
- Mysore as Karnataka
- Laccadive, Minicoy, Amindivi Island as Lakshadweep
- 2993
- UT of Delhi as National capital territory of Delhi 69th CAA
- 2006
- Uttaranchal as Uttarakhand
- 2011
- Pondicherry as Puducherry
- Orissa as Odisha